Lecture notes : clinical pharmacology and therapeutics

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Title Page -- Copyright -- Contributors -- Preface -- Foreword -- Part 1: Principles of clinical pharmacology -- Chapter 1: Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics -- Introduction -- Principles of drug action (pharmacodynamics) -- Mechanism of drug action -- Principles of pharmacokinetics -- Principles of drug elimination -- Chapter 2: Clinical trials and drug development -- Introduction -- Drug development and regulation -- Clinical trials -- Translational research -- Part 2: Aspects of therapeutics -- Chapter 3: Drugs and gastrointestinal disease -- Introduction -- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease -- Peptic ulcer -- Nausea and vomiting -- Diarrhoea and constipation -- Inflammatory bowel disease -- Drugs adversely affecting gastrointestinal function -- Chapter 4: Management of coronary artery disease and its complications -- Introduction -- Angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes -- Cardiac arrhythmia -- Heart failure -- Chapter 5: Primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease -- Introduction -- Hypertension -- Cholesterol and lipids -- Antiplatelet drugs -- Chapter 6: Drugs used to treat respiratory disease -- Introduction -- Asthma -- COPD -- Management of asthma and COPD -- Management of acute asthma -- Management of acute exacerbations of COPD -- Other therapy for airways diseases -- Notes on other respiratory diseases -- Chapter 7: Drugs used to treat neurological disease -- Introduction -- Epilepsy -- Headache -- Migraine -- Cerebrovascular disease -- Infections of the nervous system -- Drug-induced neurological disorders -- Neuroimmunology -- Movement disorders -- Chapter 8: Treatment of psychiatric disorders -- Introduction -- Antipsychotic drugs -- Antidepressants -- Mood stabilising agents -- Anxiolytics -- Hypnotic drugs and the treatment of insomnia -- Drug-induced psychiatric disorder -- Abuse of psychoactive drugs.

Treatment of dementia -- Chapter 9: Antimicrobial therapy -- Aim -- Principles of drug treatment -- Antibacterial drugs -- Antituberculous drugs -- Antifungal drugs -- Antiviral drugs -- Chapter 10: HIV and antiretroviral treatment -- Introduction -- Overview of mechanisms of drug action -- Drug classes and drugs -- Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors -- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) -- Protease inhibitors -- Fusion and entry inhibitors -- Integrase inhibitors -- Combination therapy using HAART -- HIV therapy in special situations -- Chapter 11: Travel medicine and tropical disease -- Introduction -- Principles of immunisation -- Vaccines used for preventing infection in travellers -- Malaria prevention and treatment -- Treatment of other common imported parasitic infections -- Chapter 12: Drugs and endocrine disease -- Diabetes mellitus -- Thyroid disease -- Obesity -- Bone metabolism -- Pituitary and adrenal cortex disease -- Chapter 13: Drugs and the reproductive system -- Hormonal contraception -- Drugs used in the treatment of menopausal symptoms -- Progestogens - non contraceptive uses -- Anti-progestogen -- Drugs used to modify the pregnant uterus and cervix -- Ovulation-induction agents -- Chapter 14: Drugs and the urological system -- Drugs for bladder outlet obstruction -- Drugs for overactive bladder -- Drugs for prostate cancer -- Drugs for erectile dysfunction -- Chapter 15: Cancer therapeutics -- Introduction -- Chemotherapy -- Chemotherapy for metastatic testicular cancer -- Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer -- Chapter 16: Drugs and inflammatory joint disease -- Relevant pathophysiology -- Principles of drug treatment -- Symptom modification -- Drugs used in gout -- Chapter 17: Immunopharmacology -- Introduction -- Drugs that suppress immune responses.

Small chemical agents that modify immune response -- T-cell targeting agents -- Corticosteroids -- Clinical use and doses of commonly used steroids -- Combination of drugs in treatment of immune-mediated disorders -- Biological therapies -- Tyrosine kinase inhibitors -- Immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory agents -- Other drugs that act by their effect on the immune system -- Chapter 18: Drugs and the blood including anticoagulants and thrombolytic drugs -- Introduction -- Anticoagulant drugs -- Thrombolytic agents -- Anaemia and haematinics -- Drug-induced blood conditions -- Chapter 19: Drugs used for pain relief and anaesthesia -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology of pain -- Principles of analgesia -- The WHO analgesic ladder -- Non-opioid analgesics -- Opioids -- Adjunctive agents -- Regional anaesthesia -- General anaesthesia -- Part 3: Practical aspects of prescribing -- Chapter 20: Clinical pharmacokinetics: dosage individualisation -- Introduction -- Therapeutic drug monitoring -- Clearance estimates -- Interpretation of serum concentrations -- Clinical examples of therapeutic drug monitoring -- Chapter 21: Influence of renal and hepatic disease on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics -- Influence of impaired renal function -- Influence of liver disease -- Chapter 22: Prescribing for the young and the elderly -- Prescribing for the young -- Prescribing for the elderly -- Chapter 23: Drugs in pregnant and breastfeeding women -- Drugs in pregnancy -- Drug use in breastfeeding -- Chapter 24: Pharmacoeconomics: the economic evaluation of new drugs -- Introduction - why do we need economic evaluations? -- Economic evaluation -- Perspective -- Costs -- Linking costs to benefits -- Cost-minimisation analysis -- Cost-effectiveness analysis -- Cost-benefit analysis -- Cost-utility analysis -- Why use CUA and QALYs?.

How are the constituent parts of QALYs estimated? -- How is cost-effectiveness then assessed? -- Sensitivity analysis -- Pharmacoeconomics and decision-making -- Chapter 25: Poisoning and drug overdose -- Introduction -- General approach to the poisoned patient -- The management of specific complications -- Features of common drug overdose -- Chapter 26: Drugs you may need in a hurry -- Adrenaline (epinephrine) for anaphylaxis -- Chlorphenamine for anaphylaxis -- Adrenaline (epinephrine) for cardiac arrest -- Amiodarone for cardiac arrest -- Adenosine for supraventricular tachycardia -- Loop diuretic for acute left ventricular failure -- Morphine for acute left ventricular failure -- Lorazepam for status epilepticus -- Rectal diazepam for status epilepticus -- Naloxone for opioid poisoning -- Glucagon for hypoglycaemic coma -- Chapter 27: Prescribing and its pitfalls -- Good prescribing: questions to ask yourself before picking up the pen -- Writing the prescription: practical aspects -- General pointers on good prescribing -- When prescribing goes wrong -- Adverse drug reactions -- Withdrawal symptoms or rebound responses after discontinuation of treatment -- Genetic factors -- Idiosyncratic drug reactions -- Drug interactions -- What can we do to minimise drug-related harm to patients? -- Self assessment questions -- Self assessment answers -- Index.

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Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Lecture Notes provides a clear and accessible overview of all the key prescribing topics needed for medical finals and beyond. Detailed coverage and discussion of pharmacology in a clinical context, combined with an easy-to-understand, readable style, helps improve and test understanding of pharmacological principles and reasoning on rotation and into the foundation years. Key features for this edition include:  Clinical scenarios to root each chapter firmly in a real-life setting  Prescribing points flagging up important issues of clinical relevance  Expanded sections on drugs you may need in a hurry, prescribing and its pitfalls, and paediatric prescribing  A self-assessment section to test your knowledge and help prepare for examinations  Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Lecture Notes is an ideal resource for all medical students, junior doctors, and other prescribers, whether learning how pharmacological principles relate to clinical situations, brushing up on the basics while on rotation, or looking for a comprehensive overview of prescribing and therapeutics.