TY  - BOOK
AU  - Li,Yunbo
TI  - Antioxidants in biology and medicine: essentials, advances, and clinical applications 
SN  - 9781612094663
PY  - 2011///
CY  - Hauppauge, N.Y.
PB  - Nova Science Publishers
KW  - Antioxidants
KW  - Active oxygen
N1  - Includes bibliographical references and index; ANTIOXIDANTS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE: ESSENTIALS, ADVANCES, AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS ; ANTIOXIDANTS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE: ESSENTIALS, ADVANCES, AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS ; Contents; Preface ; SECTION I INTRODUCTION TO OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANTS ; Introduction to Oxidative Stress; Abstract ; 1. Historical Overview ; 2. Free Radicals and Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS/RNS) ; 2.1. Definitions ; 2.1.1. Free Radicals ; 2.1.2. ROS/RNS ; 2.2. Sources of ROS/RNS ; 2.2.1. Endogenous Sources ; 2.2.1.1. NAD(P)H OXIDASES ; 2.2.1.2. MITOCHONDRIA; 2.2.1.3. OTHER ENDOGENOUS SOURCES 2.2.2. Exogenous Sources; 2.2.2.1. PHYSICAL AGENTS AND PARTICULATE MATTER ; 2.2.2.2. XENOBIOTICS ; 2.2.2.3. BIOLOGIC AGENTS; 2.3. Chemical Reactivity of Major Types of ROS/RNS; 2.3.1. Superoxide (O2.- ) ; 2.3.2. Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) ; 2.3.3. Hydroxyl Radical (. OH) ; 2.3.4. Peroxynitrite (ONOO- ) ; 2.3.5. Nitric Oxide (. NO) and Related Nitrogen Oxides ; 2.3.6. Peroxyl Radical (LOO.) and Alkoxyl Radical (LO.) ; 2.3.7. Singlet Oxygen (1O2) ; 2.3.8. Hypochlorous Acid (HOCl) ; 2.3.9. Ozone (O3) ; 2.4. Molecular Targets of ROS/RNS and Cellular Consequences; 3. Oxidative Stress and Diseases3.1. Definitions ; 3.1.1. Oxidative Stress ; 3.1.2. Other Related Terms ; 3.2. Oxidative Stress in Diseases ; 3.2.1. Different Roles of Oxidative Stress in Diseases; 3.2.2. Diseases Involving an Oxidative Stress Mechanism ; 4. Conclusion ; 5. References; Introduction to Antioxidants ; Abstract ; 1. Definition and Mode of Antioxidant Action ; 2. Classification of Antioxidants; 3. Antioxidant Gene Regulation ; 3.1. Regulation of Antioxidant Gene Expression by Nrf2 Signaling ; 3.1.1. Historical Overview ; 3.1.2. Keap1-Nrf2-ARE Signaling; 3.1.3. Nrf2-regulated Antioxidants 3.2. Nrf2-dependent Induction of Antioxidants and Protection against Oxidative Stress ; 4. Antioxidant-based Disease Intervention; 4.1. Overall Strategies of Antioxidant-based Disease Intervention ; 4.2. Animal Studies on Antioxidant-based Disease Intervention ; 4.3. Human Studies on Antioxidant-based Disease Intervention ; 5. Caveats on Antioxidants and Antioxidant-based Disease Intervention ; 5.1. Multiple Biological Activities of Antioxidants; 5.2. Genetic Manipulations of Antioxidants ; 6. Conclusion ; 7. References; SECTION II ANTIOXIDANTS SYNTHESIZED BY CELLS Superoxide Dismutase ; Abstract ; 1. Overview ; 1.1. Definition and History ; 1.2. Basic Characteristics ; 2. Biochemistry and Molecular Regulation ; 2.1. Biochemistry ; 2.2. Molecular Regulation; 3. Role in Health and Disease; 3.1. Animal Studies ; 3.1.1. Experimental Approaches ; 3.1.2. Role in Cardiovascular Diseases ; 3.1.3. Role in Diabetes ; 3.1.4. Role in Neurological Diseases ; 3.1.5. Role in Pulmonary Diseases ; 3.1.6. Role in Hepatic and Gastrointestinal Diseases; 3.1.7. Role in Renal Diseases ; 3.1.8. Role in Skin Diseases
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