How the expressions of the patient describing a personal lived experience of pain is represented and communicated by nurses

Acknowledgements ; Introduction to the study ; Literature review ; Discussion of research method ; Interpretive analysis & presentation of findings ; Discussion of findings & recommendations ; References ; Bibliography ; Appendices

Using a multimethod approach informed by phenomenological & hermeneutical schools of thought an interpretation of the process between 5 patient/nurse dyads was made. Analysis of multi-data sources was by hermeneutic interpretation & revealed that patients express their pain very powerfully in metaphorical & literary forms. It is suggested that nurses do not hear the patients' expressions of pain, or if they do, the language of the patient is translated & reduced into biomedical terms.